Laboratory Experiments of B.Sc. II Sem BT/FS/CBZ - Experiment: 10

  Laboratory Experiments of B.Sc. II Sem BT/FS/CBZ

 

Dr. Navdeep Sharma
Institute of Sciences
SAGE University, Indore (M.P.)

 

Experiment: 10


Objective:

Preparation of Tribromoaniline by Bromination of Aniline.

Principle:

Aniline is a activated aromatic compounds. Due to the presence of electron-donating  –NH₂ group, it undergo electrophilic substitution readily with bromine, even in aqueous solution.

The reaction is:

C6H5NH2  +  3Br2    →    C6H2Br3NH2  +  3HBr

This results in white precipitates of 2,4,6-tribromoaniline.

Materials Required:

Chemicals

Glassware/Equipment

Aniline

Beaker (100 mL)

Bromine water

Measuring cylinder (10/25 mL)

Distilled water

Glass rod

Ice (optional)

Filter paper and funnel

 

Procedure:

  1. Take 1 mL of aniline in a beaker.
  2. Add 10 mL of dilute hydrochloric acid and stir well.
  3. Add 20 mL of water to the above solution.
  4. Slowly add 10 mL of bromine water dropwise with stirring.
  5. A white precipitate of 2,4,6-tribromoaniline forms.
  6. Filter, wash with cold water, and dry between filter paper.
  7. Record the melting point.

Observation Table:

Compound Used

Product Formed

Appearance

Melting Point (°C)

Aniline

2,4,6-Tribromoaniline

White precipitate

~120–122 °C

 

Result:

The bromination of aniline was successfully carried out, and the corresponding tri-brominated products were obtained as white precipitates.

Precautions:

  • Handle bromine water carefully (toxic and corrosive).
  • Use gloves and work in a well-ventilated area or fume hood.
  • Add bromine water slowly to avoid excess reaction.
  • Use dilute acid with aniline to prevent oxidation and side reactions.

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Laboratory Experiments of B.Sc. II Sem BT/FS/CBZ - Experiment: 1

Laboratory Experiments of B.Sc. II Sem BT/FS/CBZ   Dr. Navdeep Sharma Institute of Sciences SAGE University, Indore (M.P.)   Experiment 1 Objective: Synthesis of 2, 4-Dinitrophenylhydrazone Derivative   Material  Required 2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNP or DNPH) Carbonyl compound (Aldehyde or Ketone) Ice bath Beaker (100 mL) Stirring rod Filter paper Funnel Principle The reaction between 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) and a carbonyl compound (aldehyde or ketone) is a condensation reaction that forms a 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone derivative with the elimination of water. The reaction occurs due to the nucleophilic attack of the hydrazine's -NH₂ group on the electrophilic carbonyl carbon , leading to the formation of a stable C=NNH bond. This reaction is widely used for the identification of aldehydes and ketones, as the resulting yellow, orange, or red precipitate has a distinct melting point, which helps in compound characterization.   R 2 ​ C = O + H...
Read more

Laboratory Experiments of B.Sc. II Sem BT/FS/CBZ - Experiment: 2

  Laboratory Experiments of B.Sc. II Sem BT/FS/CBZ   Dr. Navdeep Sharma Institute of Sciences SAGE University, Indore (M.P.)   Experiment 2 Objective: Synthesis of Oxime from a Carbonyl Compound                                                 Objective: To synthesize an oxime from an aldehyde or ketone using hydroxylamine hydrochloride (NH₂OH·HCl) . Materials Required: Carbonyl compound (aldehyde or ketone) – 2 mL Hydroxylamine hydrochloride (NH₂OH·HCl) – 2 g Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution (10%) – 5 mL Ethanol (or methanol) – 10 mL Distilled water – 10 mL Ice bath Beaker (50 mL or 100 mL) Glass rod Filter paper & funnel Watch glass Ste...
Read more

Laboratory Experiments of B.Sc. II Sem BT/FS/CBZ - Experiment: 6

    Laboratory Experiments of B.Sc. II Sem BT/FS/CBZ   Dr. Navdeep Sharma Institute of Sciences SAGE University, Indore (M.P.)   Experiment: 6 Objective: Study of Ionic Equilibrium by pH Measurement Theory / Principle: The pH of a solution depends on the degree of ionization of the solute and the nature of its components : Strong acids like HCl ionize completely → low pH Weak acids like acetic acid ionize partially → moderate pH Salts of weak acids and strong bases (e.g., CH₃COONa) undergo hydrolysis , leading to a basic pH Buffer solutions resist changes in pH and maintain near-constant values The pH meter is used to measure the pH values accurately. Materials Required: Chemicals Apparatus 0.1 M HCl (strong acid) pH meter with glass electrode 0.1 M CH₃COOH (weak acid) Beakers (100 mL) 0.1 M CH₃COONa (salt) ...
Read more